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Richest Pharaohs in History

Ten pharaohs ranked by a historical reconstruction of the resources they controlled, from Nubian gold and Nile grain to the building programmes they funded.

Sourced estimate · dated per profile

Wealth ranking

Top 10 Richest Pharaohs in History

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Showing 10 of 10 profiles

  • Portrait photograph of Tutankhamun

    Tutankhamun

    Estimated net worth

    $25 billion

    Boy king whose intact tomb, found in 1922, is the only surviving inventory of a pharaonic burial.

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  • Portrait photograph of Thutmose III

    Thutmose III

    Estimated net worth

    $95 billion

    The pharaoh who pushed Egypt to the Euphrates and left the earliest detailed record of tribute income carved at Karnak.

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  • Portrait photograph of Seti I

    Seti I

    Estimated net worth

    $45 billion

    Restorer of Egyptian power after the Amarna period, who reopened Sinai mines and rebuilt temples from Abydos to Karnak.

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  • Portrait photograph of Ramesses III

    Ramesses III

    Estimated net worth

    $55 billion

    Pharaoh who repelled the Sea Peoples and left the Harris Papyrus, an inventory of the land, gold and cattle he donated to temples.

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  • Portrait photograph of Ramesses II

    Ramesses II

    Estimated net worth

    $120 billion

    Egypt’s longest-serving empire builder, whose temples, gold mines and Nubian revenues make him the benchmark for pharaonic wealth.

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  • Portrait photograph of Pepi II

    Pepi II

    Estimated net worth

    $70 billion

    Old Kingdom pharaoh credited with the longest reign in history, whose early years of trade and mining gave way to a collapsing state.

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  • Portrait photograph of Khufu

    Khufu

    Estimated net worth

    $65 billion

    Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza, the clearest surviving measure of how much labour and material an Egyptian pharaoh controlled.

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  • Portrait photograph of Hatshepsut

    Hatshepsut

    Estimated net worth

    $50 billion

    Female pharaoh whose trade expedition to Punt and temple at Deir el-Bahari were financed by commerce rather than conquest.

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  • Portrait photograph of Amenhotep III

    Amenhotep III

    Estimated net worth

    $85 billion

    Ruler of Egypt at its diplomatic and economic peak, when foreign kings wrote asking for Egyptian gold.

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  • Portrait photograph of Akhenaten

    Akhenaten

    Estimated net worth

    $40 billion

    The pharaoh who moved Egypt’s capital and its religious revenue to Amarna, and left the empire’s finances weakened.

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