Pepi II Net Worth
The longest reign in recorded history, and a treasury drained by it.
By Net Worth Watch Editorial · Reviewed by Net Worth Watch Research
Last updated Nov 3, 2026 · 2 min read
Estimated net worth
$70 Billion
USD · As of November 3, 2026
- Source of wealth
- Grain economy, Sinai and Nubia, Trade with Punt
- Nationality
- Ancient Egypt
- Estimate by
- Historical estimate by Net Worth Watch
What is the estimate for Pepi II?
We put the resources passing through the state during his reign at roughly $70 billion, spread across nearly a century.
This is a historical estimate, not a market valuation. No pharaoh published accounts, and nothing comparable to a modern balance sheet survives. The figure in this profile is an order-of-magnitude reconstruction of the resources a ruler controlled during his reign, expressed in today’s dollars. Treat it as an illustration of scale, not as a measured fortune.
Sources of wealth
Old Kingdom revenue rested on grain, copper and turquoise from Sinai, diorite from Nubia and trade with Punt. Inscription evidence from Aswan records caravan leaders bringing back incense, ebony and ivory.
As the reign wore on, provincial governors kept a larger share, so the crown’s effective income fell well before the dynasty ended.
How we estimate it
We estimate annual revenue for the early Old Kingdom and apply a declining share to reflect the documented drift of power to the nomarchs. The 94-year length is the main reason the total is high.
Given how thin the records are for this period, the figure is the roughest on this list.
